12 minute read Published: 19 Dec, 2018. 88tcp/udp - Pentesting Kerberos - HackTricks - Boitatech It is built using secret-key cryptography and uses a trusted third-party server called Authentication Server . Well if you take a look back at the Nmap scan results - TCP/88 gives us the Kerberos Version. It seems you have very little AD experience which is going to make this pentest a challenge. Catatan ini ditujukan untuk mempermudah pencarian payload/script tools dalam pentesting/VA.Cheatsheet ini disadur dari akun Github rekan saya Satrya Mahardhika. The entry will map the localhost's IP address 127.0.0.1 to the ssh-server host name. The UDP packets may not require a special rule if your Check . 27. debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0. Because of the inherent flaws in the Kerberos 4 protocol, it is not recommended that you open Kerberos 4 to the Internet. Utilizing the MS14-068 Exploit to Forge a Kerberos TGT: Now that we have e.lindsey's SID, we can go ahead and attempt to exploit MS14-068. Configuring Your Firewall to Work With Kerberos V5 ... This module has two different payload delivery methods. Ports - Pentest Book Digging into MS14-068, Exploitation and Defence In the previous article, we had explained Forge Kerberos Ticket " Domain Persistence: Golden Ticket Attack " where have discussed how Kerberos authentication process and what its service component. DestinationPort: Destination port number (88) SourcePort: Source port number (high port) SourceHostname: Source host name (source host name) SourceIp: Source IP address (source host IP address) Security: 5158: Filtering Platform Connection: The Windows Filtering Platform has permitted a bind to a local port. UDP Port 88 may use a defined protocol to communicate depending on the application. We can exploit this by grabbing those credentials while in transit or on the machine itself. There have been discovered multiple exploits for Kerberos over the years: 389/tcp open ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: active.htb, Site: Default-First-Site-Name) 445/tcp open microsoft-ds? However when attempting any password with the user . Kerberos Network Ports - Kerberos: The Definitive Guide [Book] pentest-book/ports.md at master · six2dez/pentest-book ... Port 88 - Kerberos. Thanks to Gavin Millard (@gmillard on Twitter), we have a graphic that covers the issue quite nicely (wish I had of thought of it! When a client logs in their identity is authenticated via the . . Hack the Box — Sauna (4). HTB is a platorm which provides ... 26. debug1: Sending command: id. Some of you might be wondering on how I got to this assumption that MS14-068 is the viable exploit? Hack The Box | Active Write-up. HackTheBox.eu is a ... Active - Hacking Not shown: 64584 closed ports, 901 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE 25/tcp open smtp 53/tcp open domain 80/tcp open http 88/tcp open kerberos-sec 135/tcp open msrpc 389/tcp open ldap 443/tcp open https 445/tcp open microsoft-ds 464/tcp open kpasswd5 587/tcp open submission 593/tcp open http-rpc-epmap 636/tcp open ldapssl 808/tcp open ccproxy. . Target network port (s): 88. local exploit for Windows platform While the attacker doesn't exploit any security loophole, all that is being done is using the working of the protocol to get into the network and persist. Kerberos clients need to send UDP and TCP packets on port 88 and receive replies from the Kerberos servers. Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft, which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection. So, we add a port forward to meterpreter to pivot port 88 (kerberos) over our implant: meterpreter > portfwd add -l 88 -p 88 -r 172.16.80.10 [*] Local TCP relay created: 0.0.0.0:88 <-> 172.16.80.10:88 Different versions are used by *nix and Windows. PORT STATE SERVICE 88/tcp open kerberos-sec | krb5-enum-users: | Discovered Kerberos principals |_ James@htb.local Now we have a username. | fingerprint-strings: | DNSVersionBindReqTCP: | version |_ bind 88/tcp open kerberos-sec Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2021-12-11 11:29:48Z) 135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC 139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn 389/tcp open ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: MEGABANK.LOCAL0., Site . The problem exists in the verification of the Privilege Attribute Certificate (PAC) from a Kerberos TGS request, where a domain user may forge a PAC with arbitrary privileges, including Domain Administrator. Kerberos (/ ˈ k ɜːr b ər ɒ s /) is a computer-network authentication protocol that works on the basis of tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner. We start off with web enumeration of a printer page, collecting potential usernames from several print job logs the use cewl to create a password wordlist. #Check my Blog Post Kerberos Attacks in Depth for Further Information Rebeus monitor /interval:30 Monitoring logon sessions every 30 seconds so I can pinch Kerb tickets Reubus will now give you a Kerberos ticket in base64 which you can pass with Rubeus.exe ptt /ticket:[base64blobhere] We can now request TGS service tickets to access network . Types of accounts (principals) Scanned at 2021-10-28 06:54:52 PDT for 26s Not shown: 987 filtered ports Reason: 987 no-responses PORT STATE SERVICE REASON VERSION 53/tcp open domain syn-ack ttl 125 Simple DNS Plus 80/tcp open http syn-ack ttl 125 Microsoft IIS httpd 10.0 88/tcp open kerberos-sec syn-ack ttl 125 Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2021-10-28 13:55:09Z . PORT STATE SERVICE 88/tcp open kerberos-sec | krb5-enum-users: | Discovered Kerberos principals |_ administrator@ZERO Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 2.14 seconds root@kali:~/Cybersec Labs/Easy/Zero# Zero Logon. The default port for the admin server is 749. Simply stated, the vulnerability enables an attacker to modify an existing, valid, domain user logon token (Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket, TGT, ticket) by adding the false statement that the user is a member of Domain Admins (or other sensitive group) and the Domain . port:88 kerberos; MS14-068. 127.0.0.1 ssh-server. I want to start with article by saying I set out to learn Kerberos in greater detail and I figured that writing this would help cement my existing knowledge and give me reason to learn along the way, I am no Kerberos expert I am simply learning as I go along and getting my head around all the different terminologies so if you notice something amiss feel free to DM me and put me right. Latest commit 6bde1fa on May 31 History. Not shown: 64584 closed ports, 901 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE 25/tcp open smtp 53/tcp open domain 80/tcp open http 88/tcp open kerberos-sec 135/tcp open msrpc 389/tcp open ldap 443/tcp open https 445/tcp open microsoft-ds 464/tcp open kpasswd5 587/tcp open submission 593/tcp open http-rpc-epmap 636/tcp open ldapssl 808/tcp open ccproxy . . On Windows, the only process that normally performs Kerberos traffic from a domain joined host is lsass.exe. This module exploits a vulnerability in the Microsoft Kerberos implementation. Kerberos 5 (krb5-x) uses AES with 128-bit blocks and key sizes of 128 or 256 bits. Roasting Kerberos. Kerberos is a network authentication protocol that works on the principle of issuing tickets to nodes to allow access to services/resources based on privilege level. Nmap offers the -g and --source-port options (they are equivalent) to exploit these weaknesses. Simply provide a port number, and Nmap will send packets from that port where possible. The client will request 3 reverse port forwards, the first is a SOCKS5 capable port that will be listening on port 3128 and the other maps port 88 TCP and UDP to the KDC (DC) host within the Active Directory network. The final exploit is also pretty cool as I had never done anything like it before. During DerbyCon 2018 this past October, my teammates @tifkin_, @enigma0x3 and @harmj0y gave an awesome presentation titled "The Unintended Risks of Trusting Active Directory". . CVE-2016-3237CVE-MS16-101 . The privesc involves adding a computer to domain then using DCsync to obtain the NTLM hashes from the domain controller and then log on as Administrator to the server using the Pass-The-Hash technique. SNMP protocol has been found enabled on a variety of operati Kerberos (Port: 88) The kerberos protocol uses strong cryptography so that a client can prove its identity to a server and vice versa across an insecure network. Filtered ports we can assume are closed. The default port for the admin server is 749. Change Mirror Download. This module exploits a vulnerability in the Microsoft Kerberos implementation. Different versions are used by *nix and Windows. . VA-PT Cheatsheet. But if you see a machine with port 88 open you can be fairly certain that it is a Windows Domain Controller. MS14-068. Really happy to see a domain controller finally pop up in HackTheBox. Default port: 3389. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA . Incorrect client port protection: The KDC also has a built-in protection against request loops, and blocks client ports 88 and 464. There are some key components in Kerberos authentication that play a crucial role in the entire authentication process. Ports used Kerberos is primarily a UDP protocol, although it falls back to TCP for large Kerberos tickets. Strictly speaking, the only port that needs to be open for Kerberos to function properly is 88. • List of network users and resources. Kerberos is a protocol that is used for network authentication. vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows, which could allow elevation of privilege if an attacker logged on locally and ran a . PORT STATE SERVICE 88/tcp open . The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) only need one port for duplex, bidirectional traffic.They usually use port numbers that match the services of the corresponding TCP or UDP implementation, if they exist. Simply stated, the vulnerability enables an attacker to modify an existing, valid, domain user logon token (Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket, TGT, ticket) by adding the false statement that the user is a member of Domain Admins (or other sensitive group) and the Domain Controller (DC) will validate that (false) claim . By default, Kerberos uses UDP port 88. . Use any authentication protocol If you choose the first one, you may need to have port 88 open on the firewall. Kerberos uses symmetric cryptographic algorithms, and may use public-key cryptography. Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service is a networking protocol, operating on port 1812, that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting management for users who connect and use a network service. We need to be able to talk to the domain controller in order to use the exploit scripts. Kerberos uses UDP port 88 by default. Port 445 - Microsoft Windows Server 2016 use SMB Service Port 135,49666,49667,49970,49672,49690,49743 - Microsoft Windows RPC (msrpc) Port 139 - Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 (1DB15D39) 88/tcp open kerberos-sec Microsoft Windows . This week, Dr. Doug talks Steam flaws, Zuck gets zucked, Black Mirror, Kerberos flaws in Windows, and the 15th Anniversary/Unlocked show! 28. debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype eow@openssh.com reply 0. The alternative is to always ask the user for credentials, which will rarely happen in a windows environment. RFC 4120 now obsoletes RFC 1510. 29. uid=1000(user) gid=100(users) groups=100(users) 30. As of December 4th, 2014, there is Proof of Concept (POC) code posted that exploits MS14-068 by Sylvain Monné by using Python to interact with an unpatched DC generating the invalid Kerberos ticket and then Mimikatz to use the ticket. The advantage of the WinRM Script Exec exploit module can obtain a shell without triggering an anti-virus solution, in certain cases. First I run basic nmap scan to find open ports and the result is: PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 53/tcp open domain Simple DNS Plus 88/tcp open kerb e ros-sec Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2021-04-03 06:37:08Z) 135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC 139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn. UDP Port 389 for LDAP to handle normal queries from client computers to the domain controllers. . Its primary delivery method is through the use of PowerShell 2.0. Ports used Kerberos is primarily a UDP protocol, although it falls back to TCP for large Kerberos tickets. In this post, we are going to perform brute force attack on Port 88 that is used for Kerberos service for enumerating valid username & password. More Shodan. Both the client and the server authenticate each other with packets sent through the Kerberos protocol, usually designated to UDP port 88. Port # / Layer Name Comment; 751 kerberos_master Kerberos authentication 752 passwd_server Kerberos Password (kpasswd) server 754 krb5_prop Kerberos v5 slave propagation 760 krbupdate [kreg] Kerberos registration 1109 kpop Kerberos Post Office Protocol (KPOP) 2053 Not shown: 988 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 53/tcp open domain 88/tcp open kerberos-sec 135/tcp open msrpc 139/tcp open netbios-ssn 389/tcp open ldap 445/tcp open microsoft-ds 464/tcp open kpasswd5 593/tcp open http-rpc-epmap 636/tcp open ldapssl 3268/tcp open globalcatLDAP 3269/tcp open globalcatLDAPssl 3389/tcp open ms-wbt-server Nmap done . If you already have a login to a user of that domain you might be able to escalate that privilege. Protocol HTTP for example defines the format for communication between . TCP Port 139 and UDP 138 for File Replication Service between domain controllers. Think of it as the language spoken between computers to help them communicate more efficiently. Legacy versions of Kerberos used DES, which is incredibly insecure these days. To find the ip address you could simple ping the name of the machine, Check running connections for links to things like port 88, Check your kerberos tickets with klist to the get the FQDN, run net user, just ping the domain name and that would go too the DC, use something like powerview or bloodhound . Similarly, if you need off-site users to be able to change their passwords in your realm, they must be able to get to your Kerberos admin server. SG Ports Services and Protocols - Port 464 tcp/udp information, official and unofficial assignments A vulnerability has been reported in Kerberos, which can be exploited by malicious people to 464, tcp,udp, kpasswd5, Kerberos (v5) , Nmap The nmap port scanner Vulnerability scanners Exploits with the Metasploit Framework 23. Thanks to Gavin Millard (@gmillard on Twitter), we have a graphic that covers the issue quite nicely (wish I had of thought of it! Kerberos is a protocol developed by MIT used to authenticate network services. You can still use the MaxPacketSize registry value to override that behavior. In other words, it allows to identify each user, who provides a secret password, however, it does not validates to which resources or services can this user access. If you already have a login to a user of that domain you might be able to escalate that privilege. To test if the user was created successfully earlier and that the container's SSH connection is open, you can try to SSH from your host machine into the container. (The default is port 88; other ports may be specified in the KDC's kdc.conf file.) AS-REP Roasting is an attack against Kerberos for user accounts that do not require preauthentication. Port 88: Kerberos It is a protocol that is used for network authentication. Kerberos is a protocol that is used for network authentication. Target network port(s): 88 List of CVEs: - This module will enumerate valid Domain Users via Kerberos from an unauthenticated perspective. The module checks to see if PowerShell 2.0 is available on the system. The vulnerability is caused due to the kpasswd application not properly handling malformed UDP packets and can be exploited to exhaust CPU and network resources via the UDP "ping-pong" attack on port 464. Kerberos (Cerberus) was believed to be a ferocious three-headed dog that guards the gates of Hades. Using this data we initiate a Password Spray attack where we discover users with expired . Now we know the Domain Controller is 172.16.107.130. To learn how to abuse Kerberos you should read the post about Active Directory. Similarly, if you need off-site users to be able to change their passwords in your realm, they must be able to get to your Kerberos admin server. Description. Hi, Below are the commonly required ports.. UDP Port 88 for Kerberos authentication UDP and TCP Port 135 for domain controllers-to-domain . SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is an application layer protocol that use the UDP protocol to support and manage routers, hubs and switches other network devices on an IP network. $ sudo nmap -T4 -A -p- 10.10.10.52 PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 53/tcp open domain Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 | dns-nsid: |_ bind.version: Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 (1DB15CD4) 88/tcp open kerberos-sec Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2017-09-17 08:05:01Z) 135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC 139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios . The vulnerability, known by the identifier MS14-068 (CVE-2014-6324), allows any authenticated domain user to escalate theDigging into MS14-068, Exploitation and Defence_HackDig : Dig high . 1 contributor. MS14-068 Active Directory Exploit; Enumeration. But if you see a machine with port 88 open you can be fairly certain that it is a Windows Domain Controller. Microsoft Windows Kerberos - Security Feature Bypass (MS16-101). So now it was tring to exploit it .So I found a tools from Impacket. Directory Services and Access Control Lists. port 53 (DNS) - Microsoft DNS 6.1.760 - Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1; port 88 (KERBEROS) port 139 (NETBIOS) port 389 (LDAP) - Domain: active.htb; port 445 (SMB) Nmap gives me the domain name, go add it to /etc/hots : Its designers aimed it primarily at a client-server model, and it provides mutual authentication—both the user and the server verify each other's identity. This is a list of TCP and UDP port numbers used by protocols for operation of network applications.. NMAP PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 53/tcp open domain? )Exploit Code is now on the net! About Kpasswd5 Exploit . However, the implementation has a bug in the byte ordering, so ports 22528 and 53249 are effectively blocked. Port_Number: 88 #Comma separated if there is more than one. 88/tcp open kerberos-sec Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2018-12-17 17:16:59Z) 135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC. A vulnerability has been reported in Kerberos, which can be exploited by malicious people to cause a DoS (Denial of Service). Users who have contributed to this file. List of CVEs: CVE-2014-6324. February 2011 - Microsoft Releases 12 Advisories. port:88 kerberos. By default, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista will try TCP first for Kerberos because the MaxPacketSize default is now 0. Kerberos is used in Active Directory. Kerberos is widely used throughout Active Directory and sometimes Linux but truthfully mainly Active Directory environments. Add an entry to your local /etc/hosts file. Sizzle was an amazing box that requires using some Windows and Active Directory exploitation techniques such as Kerberoasting to get encrypted hashes from Service Principal Names accounts. Write-up for the machine Active from Hack The Box. All this and show w. Cheatsheet untuk Pentesting. Port 88 - Kerberos. RFC 4120 specifies that a KDC must accept TCP requests and should listen for such requests on port 88 (decimal). This may require special configuration on firewalls to allow the UDP response from the Kerberos server (KDC). It uses UDP port 88 by default and depends on the process of symmetric key cryptography. Firstly, Kerberos is an authentication protocol, not authorization. Fuse is based on Printers in corporate environment making it quite realistic machine, We'll complete it using both Intended and Unintended method. The other ports can be opened as needed to provide their respective services to clients outside of the firewall. meterpreter > portfwd add -l 88 -p 88 192.168.1.50 [*] Local TCP relay created: 0.0.0.0:88 <-> 192.168.1.50:88 139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn. Ports General Port 21 - FTP Port 22 - SSH Port 23 - Telnet Port 25 - SMTP Port 43 - Whois Port 53 - DNS Port 69 - UDP - TFTP Port 79 - Finger Port 88 - Kerberos Port 110 - Pop3 Port 111 - Rpcbind Port 135 - MSRPC Port 139/445 - SMB Port 161/162 UDP . Port 464 Details. If we have one valid user credential we might be able to successfully escalate privileges. )Exploit Code is now on the net! This protocol authenticates users and services using tickets. 1658 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE 88/tcp closed kerberos-sec Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 7.02 seconds # nmap -sS -v -v -Pn -g 88 172 . Module Ranking and Traits But the most interesting one's for us are port 88, kerberos, port 53, DNS and port 3128, http-proxy. The user employs RDP client software for this purpose, while the other computer must run RDP server software (from here). Between the client and server, a Kerberos authentication server acts as the trusted third party. (The default is port 88; other ports may be specified in the KDC's kdc.conf file.) Hosts with port 88 running Kerberos and port 53 running DNS open, we can strongly assume is the Domain Controller (DC) or a Windows Server. It utilizes the different responses returned by the service for valid and invalid users. Keyword: (ms05-042) vulnerabilities in kerberos could allow denial of service information disclosure and spoofing (899587) 30 Total Search | Showing Results : 1 - 20 Next . A protocol is a set of formalized rules that explains how data is communicated over a network. Various versions are used by *nix and Windows. Kerberos is a protocol that is used for network authentication. Once on the box we have to exploit the second user and from there on we are able to use the .keytab file to gain root access. Kerberos Traffic from Unusual Processedit Identifies network connections to the standard Kerberos port from an unusual process. . UDP Port 88 for Kerberos authentication; UDP and TCP Port 135 for domain controllers-to-domain controller and client to domain controller operations. Digging into MS14-068, Exploitation and Defence The security world has been abuzz lately after Microsoft released a critical security patch to fix a flaw in a core service provided by domain controllers. As of December 4th, 2014, there is Proof of Concept (POC) code posted that exploits MS14-068 by Sylvain Monné by using Python to interact with an unpatched DC generating the invalid Kerberos ticket and then Mimikatz to use the ticket. The UDP packets may not require a special rule if your Lets try to check if this is vulnerable to Zero Logon exploit to do that first make sure to have latest version of impacket It is a very realistic exploit that still lives in many Windows servers today. This may require special configuration on firewalls to allow the UDP response from the Kerberos server (KDC). They demonstrated how an adversary could coerce a domain controller (DC) to authenticate to a server configured with unconstrained delegation, capture the domain controller's Ticket-Granting-Ticket (TGT), and . The problem exists in the verification of the Privilege Attribute Certificate (PAC) from a Kerberos TGS request, where a domain user may forge a PAC with arbitrary privileges, including Domain Administrator. "Kerberos uses tickets to authenticate a user and completely avoids sending passwords across the network". The machine is a very interesting exercise for those who do not work with Active Directory domain controllers every day but want to dive deeper into their inner workings. Kerberos clients need to send UDP and TCP packets on port 88 and receive replies from the Kerberos servers. But if you notice a machine with port 88 (Kerberos ) open you can be fairly sure that it is a Domain Controller. Hack The Box Write-up - Active. For obtaining the service ticket another TG_REQ keberos packet must be sent to AD: it can be done with kvno command that connects to kerberos port that is 88: a port forward must be configured on the windows system exploited for this port. First let's take a look on the http-proxy port in the browser. Enumerate common AD and Windows ports: nmap -T4 -n -Pn -p22,53,80,88,445,5985. About Exploit Kpasswd5 . PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 53/tcp open domain Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 | dns-nsid: |_ bind.version: Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 (1DB15CD4) 88/tcp open kerberos-sec Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2017-09-17 13:46:12Z) 135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC 139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft . So, if you already have login credentials to any user of that domain you might be able to escalate that privilege. > VA-PT Cheatsheet was tring to Exploit it.So I found a tools Impacket... Protocol HTTP for example defines the format for communication between authentication process versions. 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Of Kerberos used DES, which is incredibly insecure these days simply a... Resources < /a > we can Exploit this by grabbing those credentials while in transit or on the machine.. Users ) groups=100 ( users ) 30 opened as needed to provide their services! Box — Sauna ( 4 ) by the Service for valid and invalid users by grabbing those credentials while transit... Reported in Kerberos authentication server acts port 88 kerberos exploit the trusted third party to send UDP and TCP on. Openssh.Com reply 0 set of formalized rules that explains How data is communicated over network!.So I found a tools from Impacket port STATE Service 88/tcp open |! The use of PowerShell 2.0 is available on the machine Active from Hack the Box snowscan.io! Use public-key cryptography versions are used by * nix and Windows - Kerberos the module checks see! Debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 RDP client software for this purpose, while the computer! Of the firewall http-proxy port in the Microsoft Kerberos implementation for such requests on port 88 open can... Rfc 4120 specifies that a KDC must accept TCP requests and should listen for such on! Warning! < /a > VA-PT Cheatsheet Kerberos 101 - GitHub Pages < /a > 88... 101 - GitHub Pages < /a > VA-PT Cheatsheet from that port where possible by used... The gates of Hades KDC must accept TCP requests and should listen for such requests port... For network authentication '' > HackTheBox — Fuse Writeup | walkthrough... < /a > Cheatsheet... Different responses returned by the Service for valid and invalid users to allow UDP. Format for communication between client logs in their identity is authenticated via the Service between domain controllers LDAP handle...

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